A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, tare da karuwar bukatu na kyautata muhalli, da kuma ci gaba da karfafa aikin kawar da gurbatar muhalli na kasar Sin, masana'antar kayayyakin da za a iya gurbata muhalli ta kasar Sin ta ba da babbar dama ta samun ci gaba.
Sabbin kayan da za a iya cirewa, da robobin da za a iya sarrafa su, wanda ake ganin su ne mafita mafi inganci ga “farar gurbacewar” robobin da za a iya zubarwa, suna kara shiga hankalin mutane.
Na gaba, Ina so in gabatar da wasu abubuwan da za a iya amfani da su.
PLA
Polylactic acid (Poly lactic acid PLA) shine mafi yawan amfani da kayan lalacewa, wanda kuma aka sani da polylactide, wanda baya wanzuwa a cikin yanayi kuma gabaɗaya ana yin polymerized tare da lactic acid azaman babban albarkatun ƙasa.
Babban ka'ida ita ce, albarkatun sitaci suna saccharified zuwa glucose, sa'an nan kuma glucose da wasu kwayoyin cuta suna haifuwa don samar da lactic acid mai tsabta, sa'an nan kuma polylactic acid tare da wani nau'in nauyin kwayoyin halitta ya haɗe ta hanyar haɗin sunadarai.
PBAT.
PBAT na daga cikin robobi na thermoplastic biodegradable. Yana da copolymer na butylene adipate da butylene terephthalate. Yana da halaye na PBA da PBT. Yana ba kawai yana da kyau ductility da elongation a hutu, amma kuma yana da kyau zafi juriya da tasiri Properties. Bugu da kari, shi ma yana da kyau kwarai biodegradability.
Daga cikin su, ana samun kayan danye irin su butanediol, oxalic acid da PTA cikin sauki kuma ana iya sarrafa su ta hanyoyi da dama, kamar gyare-gyaren allura, gyare-gyaren extrusion, gyaran fuska da dai sauransu.
A halin yanzu, samfuran filastik da za a iya amfani da su a kan babban sikeli a kasuwa an gyaggyara ko haɗa su, wanda aka fi amfani da PBAT tare da PLA. Misali, jakar filastik da za a iya amfani da ita a kan babban sikeli ita ce kayan haɗin gwal na PLA da PBAT.
Kwatanta aikace-aikacen ƙasa tsakanin PBAT da PLA
PBS.
Ana kiran PBS polybutylene succinate. A cikin 1990s, Kamfanin Showa Polymer na Japan ya fara amfani da isocyanate azaman sarkar sarkar kuma ya amsa tare da ƙananan nauyin polyester wanda aka haɗa ta Polycondensation na dicarboxylic glycol don shirya manyan nau'ikan polymers. PBS polyester ya fara jawo hankalin jama'a a matsayin sabon nau'in robobin da ba za a iya lalata su ba. Idan aka kwatanta da sauran polyesters na gargajiya na al'ada, PBS yana da fa'idodin ƙananan farashin samarwa, ingantacciyar ma'anar narkewa, kyakkyawan juriya na zafi da kaddarorin inji. Za a iya samun tushen albarkatunsa ba kawai daga albarkatun man fetur ba, har ma daga fermentation albarkatun halittu. a karkashin yanayin cewa man fetur da sauran albarkatun da ba a sabunta su ba suna ƙara ƙarewa, wannan yanayin yana da mahimmanci.
Takaitawa, kwatankwacin kayan abu tsakanin PBS, PLS, PBAT da PHA
A halin yanzu, kayan kaddarorin robobin da ake iya amfani da su da yawa sun bambanta. PLA yana da fayyace mai kyau, sheki, babban wurin narkewa da ƙarfi, amma ƙarancin ƙarfin ƙarfi da crystallinity. PBAT yana da halaye na PBA da PBT, kuma yana da kyau ductility da elongation a hutu. Amma shingen tururin ruwa da shingen iskar oxygen ba su da kyau. PBS yana da kyakkyawan juriya na ruwa, juriya na zafi da cikakkun kaddarorin, taga mai faɗin sarrafa zafin jiki, kuma yana da mafi kyawun aikin sarrafawa a cikin robobi masu lalacewa na duniya. Zafin nakasar PBS yana kusa da 100C, kuma yana iya zama sama da 100C bayan gyarawa. Koyaya, PBS kuma yana da wasu gazawa kamar ƙarancin narkewar ƙarfi da jinkirin ƙira. Dangane da biodegradability, yanayin lalata PLA sun fi tsauri, PBS da PBAT sun fi sauƙi a lalata su. Ya kamata a lura da cewa biodegradation na PLA, PBS da PBAT ba zai iya faruwa a karkashin kowane yanayi, kuma yawanci degraded da enzymes da microorganisms a cikin yanayi na takin, ƙasa, ruwa da kuma kunna sludge.
Don taƙaitawa, aikin kayan albarkatun filastik guda ɗaya mai lalacewa yana da nasa lahani, amma bayan copolymerization, blending, auxiliaries da sauran gyare-gyare, yana iya cika aikace-aikacen robobin da za a iya zubarwa kamar PE, PP a cikin marufi, yadi, teburware mai zubarwa. da sauransu.
Lokacin aikawa: 20-12-22