Haɗaɗɗen kayan fasaha shine tushe da yanayin haɓaka masana'antar kayan haɗin gwiwa. Tare da fadada filin aikace-aikace na kayan haɗin gwiwar, masana'antun masana'antu sun kasance masu tasowa da sauri, wasu tsarin gyaran gyare-gyare suna inganta, sababbin hanyoyin gyare-gyare suna ci gaba da fitowa, a halin yanzu akwai fiye da 20 polymer matrix composite gyare-gyaren hanyoyin, da kuma nasarar amfani da masana'antu samar. kamar:
(1) Hannun manna tsari - rigar sa-up kafa hanyar;
(2) Tsarin kafa Jet;
(3) Fasahar canja wurin guduro (fasahar RTM);
(4) Hanyar matsa lamba (hanyar jakar matsa lamba) gyare-gyare;
(5) Bag jakar latsa gyare-gyare;
(6) Fasahar ƙirƙirar Autoclave;
(7) Fasahar samar da kettle na hydraulic;
(8) Thermal fadada gyare-gyaren fasaha;
(9) Tsarin Sandwich kafa fasaha;
(10) Tsarin samar da kayan gyare-gyare;
(11) ZMC gyare-gyaren kayan aikin allura;
(12) Tsarin gyare-gyare;
(13) Laminate samar da fasaha;
(14) Fasahar samar da bututu mai jujjuyawa;
(15) Fiber winding kayayyakin kafa fasaha;
(16) Tsarin samar da faranti na ci gaba;
(17) Fasahar yin simintin gyare-gyare;
(18) Tsarin gyaran fuska;
(19) Ci gaba da jujjuya bututun yin tsari;
(20) Fasahar masana'anta na kayan haɗin gwal da aka ɗaure;
(21) Fasaha masana'antu na thermoplastic takardar ƙira da sanyi stamping gyare-gyaren tsari;
(22) Tsarin gyare-gyaren allura;
(23) Tsarin gyare-gyaren extrusion;
(24) Tsarin simintin gyare-gyare na Centrifugal;
(25) Sauran fasahar ƙirƙira.
Dangane da abin da aka zaɓa na resin matrix, hanyoyin da ke sama sun dace da samar da thermosetting da thermoplastic composites, kuma wasu matakai sun dace da duka biyu.
Haɗin samfuran da ke ƙirƙirar halayen tsari: idan aka kwatanta da sauran fasahar sarrafa kayan, tsarin samar da kayan abu yana da halaye masu zuwa:
(1) Material masana'antu da samfurin gyare-gyare a lokaci guda don kammala general halin da ake ciki, da samar da tsari na hada kayan, wato, gyare-gyaren tsari na kayayyakin. Dole ne a tsara aikin kayan aiki bisa ga buƙatun yin amfani da samfuran, don haka a cikin zaɓin kayan, rabon ƙira, ƙayyade hanyar shimfidar fiber da gyare-gyare, dole ne a haɗu da kaddarorin jiki da sinadarai na samfuran, tsarin tsari da ingancin bayyanar. bukatun.
(2) samfur gyare-gyare ne in mun gwada da sauki janar thermosetting hada guduro matrix, gyare-gyare ne mai gudana ruwa, ƙarfafa abu ne taushi fiber ko masana'anta, sabili da haka, tare da wadannan kayan don samar da composite kayayyakin, da ake bukata tsari da kayan aiki ne da yawa sauki fiye da sauran kayan. don wasu samfuran kawai saitin gyare-gyare za a iya samar da su.
Na farko, tuntuɓi tsarin gyare-gyaren ƙananan matsa lamba
Tsarin gyare-gyaren ƙananan matsi na lamba yana da alamar sanyawa ta hannu na ƙarfafawa, resin leaching, ko kayan aiki mai sauƙi na kayan aiki na ƙarfafawa da guduro. Wani sifa na tsarin gyare-gyaren ƙananan matsi na lamba shine cewa tsarin gyare-gyaren baya buƙatar yin amfani da matsa lamba (ƙwaƙwalwar lamba), ko kawai yin amfani da ƙananan gyare-gyare (0.01 ~ 0.7mpa matsa lamba bayan gyare-gyaren lamba, matsakaicin matsa lamba bai wuce 2.0 ba). mpa).
Tuntuɓi ƙananan gyare-gyaren gyare-gyare, shine abu na farko a cikin ƙirar namiji, ƙirar namiji ko ƙirar ƙira, sa'an nan kuma ta hanyar dumama ko yanayin zafi na dakin, demoulding sannan ta hanyar sarrafawa da samfurori. Daga cikin irin wannan tsari na gyare-gyaren sune gyare-gyaren hannu, gyare-gyaren jet, jakar latsawa, gyaran gyare-gyaren guduro, gyare-gyaren autoclave da haɓakar haɓakar thermal (ƙananan gyare-gyaren matsa lamba). Biyu na farko suna tuntuɓar juna.
A cikin lamba low matsa lamba gyare-gyaren tsari, da hannun manna gyare-gyaren tsari ne na farko da ƙirƙira a samar da polymer matrix composite abu, mafi yadu m kewayon, sauran hanyoyin su ne ci gaba da kuma inganta hannu manna gyare-gyaren tsari. Babban amfani da tsarin ƙira lamba shine kayan aiki mai sauƙi, daidaitawa mai faɗi, ƙarancin saka hannun jari da sakamako mai sauri. A cewar kididdigar a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, tuntuɓi low-matsa lamba gyare-gyaren tsari a cikin duniya m abu masana'antu samar, har yanzu shagaltar da wani babban rabo, kamar Amurka lissafta 35%, yammacin Turai lissafta 25%, Japan lissafta 42%. Kasar Sin ta samu kashi 75%. Wannan yana nuna mahimmancin da ba za a iya maye gurbinsa ba na fasahar gyare-gyaren ƙananan matsa lamba a cikin samar da kayan masana'antu, hanya ce ta tsari wacce ba za ta taɓa raguwa ba. Amma babban gazawarsa shine samar da ingantaccen aiki yana da ƙasa, ƙarfin aiki yana da girma, maimaita samfurin ba shi da kyau da sauransu.
1. Kayan danye
Tuntuɓi ƙananan gyare-gyaren gyare-gyare na albarkatun ƙasa sune kayan ƙarfafa, resins da kayan taimako.
(1) Ingantattun kayan aiki
Abubuwan buƙatun ƙirƙira tuntuɓar kayan haɓakawa: (1) kayan haɓakawa suna da sauƙin shigar da guduro; (2) Akwai isassun bambancin siffa don saduwa da buƙatun gyare-gyare na hadaddun sifofi na samfurori; (3) kumfa suna da sauƙin cirewa; (4) na iya saduwa da buƙatun aikin aikin jiki da sinadarai na yanayin amfani da samfuran; ⑤ Farashi mai ma'ana (mai arha kamar yadda zai yiwu), maɓuɓɓuka masu yawa.
Abubuwan da aka ƙarfafa don ƙirƙirar lamba sun haɗa da fiber gilashi da masana'anta, fiber carbon da masana'anta, fiber Arlene da masana'anta, da sauransu.
(2) Matrix kayan
Tuntuɓi tsarin gyare-gyaren ƙananan matsa lamba don buƙatun kayan matrix: (1) ƙarƙashin yanayin manna hannu, mai sauƙin jiƙa kayan ƙarfafa fiber, sauƙin cire kumfa, mannewa mai ƙarfi tare da fiber; (2) A dakin da zafin jiki na iya gel, ƙarfafawa, kuma yana buƙatar raguwa, ƙananan rashin ƙarfi; (3) Dace danko: gabaɗaya 0.2 ~ 0.5Pa·s, ba zai iya samar da manne kwarara sabon abu; (4) marasa guba ko ƙananan guba; Farashin yana da ma'ana kuma an tabbatar da tushen.
Abubuwan da aka saba amfani da su wajen samarwa sune: guduro polyester mara saturated, resin epoxy, resin phenolic, guduro bismaleimide, guduro polyimide da sauransu.
Abubuwan buƙatun aiwatarwa na hanyoyin ƙirƙira lamba da yawa don guduro:
Hanyar gyare-gyaren buƙatun don kaddarorin guduro
Samar da gel
1, gyare-gyare ba ya gudana, mai sauƙin cire kumfa
2, sautin uniform, babu launi mai iyo
3, saurin warkewa, babu wrinkles, kyakkyawan mannewa tare da Layer na guduro
Yin gyare-gyaren hannu
1, mai kyau impregnation, mai sauƙin jiƙa da fiber, mai sauƙin kawar da kumfa
2, yada bayan warkewa da sauri, ƙarancin sakin zafi, raguwa
3, m ƙasa, saman samfurin ba m
4. Kyakkyawan mannewa tsakanin yadudduka
Gyaran allura
1. Tabbatar da buƙatun yin manna hannu
2. Thixotropic dawo da shi ne a baya
3, zafin jiki yana da ɗan tasiri akan dankowar guduro
4. Resin ya kamata ya dace da dogon lokaci, kuma kada danko ya karu bayan da aka kara da hanzari.
Gyaran jaka
1, mai kyau da ruwa, mai sauƙin jiƙa fiber, mai sauƙin fitar da kumfa
2, saurin warkewa, warkar da zafi zuwa ƙarami
3, ba mai sauƙin kwarara manne ba, mannewa mai ƙarfi tsakanin yadudduka
(3) Kayayyakin taimako
Contact forming tsari na karin kayan, yafi yana nufin filler da launi biyu Categories, da curing wakili, diluent, toughening wakili, na ga guduro matrix tsarin.
2, mold da saki wakili
(1) Molds
Mold shine babban kayan aiki a cikin kowane nau'in tsarin ƙira lamba. Ingancin ƙirar kai tsaye yana shafar inganci da farashin samfurin, don haka dole ne a tsara shi da ƙera a hankali.
Lokacin zayyana ƙira, dole ne a yi la'akari da waɗannan buƙatun gabaɗaya: (1) Haɗu da madaidaicin buƙatun ƙirar samfur, girman ƙirar daidai ne kuma saman yana santsi; (2) samun isasshen ƙarfi da taurin kai; (3) mai dacewa da lalata; (4) samun isasshen kwanciyar hankali na thermal; Hasken nauyi, isassun tushen kayan abu da ƙarancin farashi.
Mold tsarin lamba gyare-gyare mold ya kasu kashi: namiji mold, namiji mold da uku iri mold, ko da wane irin mold, za a iya dogara ne a kan girman, gyare-gyaren bukatun, zane a matsayin dukan ko harhada mold.
Lokacin da aka kera kayan ƙirar, ya kamata a cika waɗannan buƙatu:
① Zai iya saduwa da buƙatun daidaiton girman, ingancin bayyanar da rayuwar sabis na samfuran;
(2) Kayan ƙirar ya kamata ya sami isasshen ƙarfi da ƙarfi don tabbatar da cewa ƙirar ba ta da sauƙi don lalacewa da lalacewa a cikin tsarin amfani;
(3) ba ya lalacewa ta hanyar guduro kuma baya shafar maganin guduro;
(4) Kyakkyawan juriya na zafi, maganin samfur da kuma maganin dumama, ƙirar ba ta da lahani;
(5) Mai sauƙin ƙira, mai sauƙin lalata;
(6) rana don rage m m nauyi, dace samar;
⑦ Farashin yana da arha kuma kayan suna da sauƙin samu. Kayayyakin da za a iya amfani da su azaman gyare-gyaren hannu sune: itace, ƙarfe, gypsum, siminti, ƙananan ƙarfe mai narkewa, robobi masu kumfa mai ƙarfi da fiber gilashin ƙarfafa robobi.
Abubuwan buƙatun asali na wakili na saki:
1. Ba ya lalata mold, ba ya shafar maganin guduro, mannewar guduro ya kasance ƙasa da 0.01mpa;
(2) Shortan fim ɗin samar da lokaci, kauri iri ɗaya, ƙasa mai santsi;
Yin amfani da aminci, babu sakamako mai guba;
(4) juriya na zafi, ana iya zafi da zafin jiki na warkewa;
⑤ Yana da sauƙin aiki da arha.
Wakilin sakin lamba na tsari ya haɗa da wakilin sakin fim, wakili mai sakin ruwa da man shafawa, wakilin sakin kakin zuma.
Hannun manna tsari
Tsarin tafiyar da manna hannu shine kamar haka:
(1) Shirye-shiryen samarwa
Girman wurin aiki don manna hannu za a ƙayyade bisa ga girman samfurin da fitarwa na yau da kullum. Wurin ya kasance mai tsabta, bushe kuma yana da iska sosai, kuma za a kiyaye zafin iska tsakanin digiri 15 zuwa 35 na ma'aunin celcius. Sashin gyaran gyare-gyaren da aka yi bayan aiwatarwa dole ne a sanye shi tare da kawar da ƙura da na'urar fesa ruwa.
Shirye-shiryen mold ya haɗa da tsaftacewa, taro da wakili na saki.
Lokacin da aka shirya manne na resin, ya kamata mu mai da hankali ga matsaloli guda biyu: (1) hana manne daga haɗuwa da kumfa; (2) Adadin manne kada ya yi yawa, kuma kowane adadin ya kamata a yi amfani da shi kafin gel resin.
Abubuwan ƙarfafawa Dole ne a zaɓi nau'ikan da ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun kayan ƙarfafa bisa ga buƙatun ƙira.
(2) Mannawa da warkarwa
Layer-manna manual Layer-manna ya kasu kashi rigar hanya da bushe hanya biyu: (1) bushe Layer-prepreg zane a matsayin albarkatun kasa, da pre-koyi abu (tufafi) bisa ga samfurin yanke zuwa bad abu, Layer-tausasawa dumama. , sa'an nan kuma Layer ta Layer a kan mold, kuma kula da kawar da kumfa tsakanin yadudduka, don haka m. Ana amfani da wannan hanyar don autoclave da gyare-gyaren jaka. (2) Rigar rigar kai tsaye a cikin mold zai ƙarfafa tsoma abu, Layer ta Layer kusa da mold, cire kumfa, sanya shi mai yawa. Gabaɗaya aiwatar da manna hannun hannu tare da wannan hanyar shimfidawa. Rigar yadudduka an raba zuwa gelcoat Layer manna da tsarin manna Layer.
Kayan aiki na hannun hannu Kayan aikin manna na hannu yana da babban tasiri akan tabbatar da ingancin samfur. Akwai nadi na ulu, bristle roller, karkace nadi da lantarki gani, lantarki drills, goge na'ura da sauransu.
Solidify kayayyakin ƙarfafa cent sclerosis da cikakke matakai biyu: daga gel zuwa trigonal canji so 24h yawanci, a yanzu solidify digiri adadin zuwa 50% ~ 70% (ba Ke taurin digiri ne 15), iya demolom, bayan shan kashe solidify a kasa yanayi yanayin yanayi. 1 ~ 2 makonni ikon sa kayayyakin da inji ƙarfi, ce cikakke, ta solidify digiri adadin zuwa 85% a sama. Dumama zai iya inganta tsarin warkewa. Domin polyester gilashin karfe, dumama a 80 ℃ for 3h, ga epoxy gilashin karfe, post curing zafin jiki za a iya sarrafawa a cikin 150 ℃. Akwai hanyoyi da yawa na dumama da warkewa, matsakaici da ƙananan samfurori za a iya zafi da kuma warkewa a cikin tanderun warkewa, manyan samfurori na iya zama mai zafi ko infrared dumama.
(3)Demoulding da sutura
Rushewa don tabbatar da cewa samfurin bai lalace ba. Hanyoyin tarwatsawa sune kamar haka: (1) Na'urar da za a iya cirewa tana kunshe da na'urar da za a iya jujjuyawa, kuma ana jujjuya dunƙule lokacin da za a fitar da samfurin. The matsa lamba demoulding mold yana da matsawa iska ko ruwa mashiga, demoulding za a matsa iska ko ruwa (0.2mpa) tsakanin mold da samfurin, a lokaci guda tare da itacen guduma da roba guduma, sabõda haka, samfurin da mold rabuwa. (3) Rushe manyan kayayyaki (kamar jiragen ruwa) tare da taimakon jack, cranes da katako mai katako da sauran kayan aiki. (4) Complex kayayyakin iya amfani da manual demoulding Hanyar manna biyu ko uku yadudduka na FRP a kan mold, da za a warke bayan kwasfa daga mold, sa'an nan kuma saka mold don ci gaba da manna ga zane kauri, yana da sauki cire daga mold bayan warkewa.
Tufafin sutura ya kasu kashi biyu: ɗaya shine girman tufa, ɗayan gyaran lahani. (1) Bayan tsara girman samfurori, bisa ga girman ƙira don yanke sashin da ya wuce; (2) Gyaran lahani ya haɗa da gyaran huɗa, kumfa, gyaran tsage, ƙarfafa rami, da dai sauransu.
Fasahar samar da jet
Fasahar samar da Jet haɓakawa ne na ƙirƙirar manna hannu, digiri na biyu - injina. Fasahar samar da Jet tana da babban kaso a cikin tsarin samar da kayayyaki, kamar 9.1% a Amurka, 11.3% a Yammacin Turai, da 21% a Japan. A halin yanzu, injunan yin allura na cikin gida ana shigo da su ne daga Amurka.
(1) Jet kafa ka'idar tsari da amfani da rashin amfani
Tsarin gyare-gyaren allura yana gauraye da mai ƙaddamarwa da mai tallata nau'ikan polyester guda biyu, bi da bi daga bindigar feshi a ɓangarorin biyu, kuma za ta yanke roving fiberglass, ta cibiyar wutar lantarki, tana haɗawa da guduro, ajiya ga mold, lokacin da ajiya zuwa wani kauri, tare da nadi compaction, sa fiber cikakken guduro, kawar da iska kumfa, warke a cikin kayayyakin.
Amfanin gyaran gyare-gyaren jet: (1) yin amfani da gilashin fiber roving maimakon masana'anta, zai iya rage farashin kayan; (2) Ayyukan samarwa shine sau 2-4 fiye da manna hannu; (3) Samfurin yana da mutunci mai kyau, babu haɗin gwiwa, babban ƙarfin juzu'i mai ƙarfi, babban abun ciki na guduro, juriya mai kyau da juriya mai yatsa; (4) zai iya rage yawan amfani da fiɗa, yanke tarkacen zane da sauran ruwan manne; Ba a iyakance girman samfurin da siffar ba. Lalacewar su ne: (1) babban abun ciki na guduro, ƙananan samfuran ƙarfi; (2) samfurin zai iya yin gefe ɗaya kawai santsi; ③ Yana gurbata muhalli kuma yana cutar da lafiyar ma'aikata.
Jet samar da inganci har zuwa 15kg / min, don haka ya dace da manyan masana'anta. An yi amfani da shi sosai don sarrafa baho, murfin inji, bayan gida mai haɗaka, kayan jikin mota da manyan kayan taimako.
(2) Shirye-shiryen samarwa
Baya ga biyan buƙatun aikin manna hannu, ya kamata a biya kulawa ta musamman ga sharar muhalli. Dangane da girman samfurin, ana iya rufe ɗakin aiki don adana makamashi.
Material shirye-shiryen albarkatun kasa sun fi guduro (yafi unsaturated polyester guduro) da untwisted gilashin fiber roving.
Shirye-shiryen mold ya haɗa da tsaftacewa, taro da wakili na saki.
Allurar rigakafi mai gina jiki na allurar rigakafi da aka kasu kashi biyu gun, wanda aka sani da gun gauraye nau'in. Its aka gyara su ne pneumatic kula da tsarin, guduro famfo, karin famfo, mahautsini, fesa gun, fiber yankan injector, da dai sauransu guduro famfo da karin famfo suna rigidly alaka rocker hannu. Daidaita matsayi na famfo mai taimako akan hannun rocker don tabbatar da adadin abubuwan sinadaran. A karkashin aikin da kwampreso iska, guduro da karin wakili suna ko'ina gauraye a cikin mahautsini da kafa ta feshi gun droplets, wanda aka ci gaba da fesa zuwa saman mold tare da yanke fiber. Wannan injin jet kawai yana da guntun feshin manne, tsari mai sauƙi, nauyi mai sauƙi, ƙarancin sharar ƙima, amma saboda haɗuwa a cikin tsarin, dole ne a tsabtace shi nan da nan bayan kammalawa, don hana toshewar allurar. (2) Nau'in tanki na nau'in manne kayan jigilar jet shine shigar da mannen guduro a cikin tankin matsa lamba bi da bi, kuma sanya manne a cikin bindigar feshi don fesa ci gaba da matsa lamba gas a cikin tanki. Ya ƙunshi tankuna guda biyu na guduro, bututu, bawul, bindiga mai feshi, injector yankan fiber, trolley da bracket. Lokacin aiki, haɗa tushen iska da aka matsa, sanya iska mai matsa lamba ta hanyar mai raba ruwa ta iska a cikin tankin guduro, mai yanke fiber gilashi da bindigar feshi, don haka guduro da fiber gilashin ana ci gaba da fitar da bindigar feshi, atomization na guduro, Gilashin fiber watsawa, gauraye a ko'ina sa'an nan nutse zuwa mold. Wannan jet ɗin guduro ne gauraye a wajen bindigar, don haka ba shi da sauƙi a toshe bututun bindigar.
(3) Fesa gyare-gyaren tsari iko
Zaɓin sigogin tsarin allura: ① samfuran fesa abun ciki na guduro, sarrafa abun ciki na guduro a kusan 60%. Lokacin da resin danko ne 0.2Pa·s, da guduro tank matsa lamba ne 0.05-0.15mpa, da kuma atomization matsa lamba ne 0.3-0.55mpa, da uniformity na aka gyara za a iya garanti. (3) Nisan hadawa na resin da aka fesa ta kusurwa daban-daban na bindiga daban daban. Gabaɗaya, an zaɓi kusurwa na 20°, kuma nisa tsakanin bindigar feshi da mold shine 350 ~ 400mm. Don canza nisa, kusurwar bindigar feshin ya kamata ya zama babban sauri don tabbatar da cewa an haɗa kowane sashi a cikin tsaka-tsakin kusa da saman ƙirar don hana manne daga tashi.
Ya kamata a lura da gyare-gyaren fesa: (1) ya kamata a sarrafa zafin jiki na yanayi a (25± 5) ℃, mai girma, mai sauƙi don haifar da toshewar bindigar feshi; Maƙarƙashiya, haɗuwa mara daidaituwa, jinkirin warkewa; (2) Ba a yarda da ruwa a cikin tsarin jet ba, in ba haka ba ingancin samfurin zai shafi; (3) Kafin kafa, fesa wani Layer na guduro a kan mold, sa'an nan kuma fesa da guduro cakuda Layer; (4) Kafin yin gyare-gyaren allura, da farko daidaita karfin iska, resin sarrafawa da abun ciki na fiber gilashi; (5) Bindigan fesa ya kamata ya motsa daidai gwargwado don hana zubewa da fesa. Ba zai iya shiga cikin baka ba. Haɗin tsakanin layi biyu bai wuce 1/3 ba, kuma ɗaukar hoto da kauri ya kamata ya zama iri ɗaya. Bayan spraying Layer, nan da nan yi amfani da abin nadi compaction, ya kamata kula da gefuna da concave da convex surface, tabbatar da cewa kowane Layer da aka guga man lebur, shaye kumfa, hana tare da fiber sa burrs; Bayan kowane Layer na fesa, don dubawa, cancanta bayan Layer na gaba; ⑧ Layer na ƙarshe don fesa wasu, sanya farfajiyar ta zama santsi; ⑨ Tsaftace jet nan da nan bayan amfani don hana haɓakar guduro da lalata kayan aiki.
Gudun canja wuri gyare-gyare
Resin Canja wurin Molding wanda aka rage shi azaman RTM. RTM ya fara ne a cikin 1950s, shine rufaffiyar mutuwa kafa fasaha na haɓaka aikin gyare-gyaren hannu, na iya samar da samfuran haske mai fuska biyu. A cikin ƙasashen waje, allurar guduro da kamuwa da cutar ma an haɗa su cikin wannan rukunin.
Babban ka'idar RTM ita ce sanya kayan ƙarfafa fiber na gilashi a cikin rami na rufaffiyar mold. Ana allurar gel ɗin guduro a cikin rami ta matsa lamba, kuma kayan ƙarfafa fiber na gilashin yana jiƙa, sannan a warke, kuma samfurin da aka ƙera yana rushewa.
Daga matakin binciken da ya gabata, jagorar bincike da haɓaka fasahar RTM za ta haɗa da naúrar allura mai sarrafa microcomputer, ingantacciyar fasahar preforming kayan aiki, ƙirar ƙarancin farashi, tsarin warkarwa mai sauri, kwanciyar hankali da daidaitawa, da sauransu.
Halayen fasahar ƙirƙira ta RTM: (1) na iya samar da samfuran gefe biyu; (2) High forming yadda ya dace, dace da matsakaici sikelin FRP kayayyakin samar (kasa da 20000 guda / shekara); ③RTM rufaffiyar mold aiki ne, wanda baya gurbata muhalli kuma baya lalata lafiyar ma'aikata; (4) kayan ƙarfafawa za a iya dage farawa a kowace hanya, sauƙin gane kayan ƙarfafawa bisa ga yanayin damuwa na samfurin samfurin; (5) ƙarancin albarkatun ƙasa da amfani da makamashi; ⑥ Ƙananan zuba jari a gina masana'anta, da sauri.
Ana amfani da fasahar RTM sosai wajen gine-gine, sufuri, sadarwa, lafiya, sararin samaniya da sauran fannonin masana'antu. Kayayyakin da muka ɓullo da su sune: gidaje na mota da sassa, abubuwan abubuwan abin hawa na nishaɗi, ɓangaren ɓoyayyiyar karkace, ruwan injin turbine mai tsayi 8.5m, radome, murfin injin, baho, ɗakin wanka, allon wanka, wurin zama, tankin ruwa, rumfar tarho, sandar telegraph , ƙaramin jirgin ruwa, da dai sauransu.
(1) RTM tsari da kayan aiki
An raba dukkan tsarin samar da RTM zuwa matakai 11. Ana gyara masu aiki da kayan aiki da kayan aiki na kowane tsari. Mota ce ke ɗaukar ƙirar kuma tana wucewa ta kowane tsari don gane aikin kwarara. Lokacin sake zagayowar ƙirar a kan layin haɗin kai yana nuna yanayin tsarin samarwa na samfur. Ƙananan samfurori gabaɗaya suna ɗaukar mintuna goma kawai, kuma ana iya sarrafa zagayowar samar da manyan samfuran a cikin 1h.
Molding kayan aiki RTM gyare-gyaren kayan aikin yafi guduro allura inji da mold.
Na'urar allurar guduro tana kunshe da famfon guduro da bindigar allura. Resin famfo saitin famfo ne na piston mai jujjuyawa, saman famfo mai motsi ne. Lokacin da matsewar iska ta kora piston na fam ɗin iska don motsawa sama da ƙasa, fam ɗin guduro yana yin famfo da guduro a cikin tafkin guduro da ƙima ta hanyar mai sarrafa kwarara da tacewa. Lever na gefe yana sa fam ɗin mai ƙara kuzari ya motsa kuma yana jujjuya mai ƙara kuzari zuwa tafki. An cika iskar da aka matse a cikin tafkunan biyu don ƙirƙirar ƙarfin matsewa sabanin matsatsin famfo, yana tabbatar da kwararar guduro da mai kara kuzari ga kan allura. Gun allura bayan m kwarara a cikin wani a tsaye mahautsini, kuma zai iya yin guduro da mai kara kuzari a cikin yanayin da babu gas hadawa, allura mold, sa'an nan gun mixers da detergent mashigai zane, tare da 0.28 MPa matsa lamba ƙarfi tank, a lokacin da inji. bayan amfani, kunna mai canzawa, atomatik ƙarfi, gun allura don tsaftace tsabta.
② Mold RTM mold ne zuwa kashi gilashin karfe mold, gilashin karfe surface plated karfe mold da karfe mold. Fiberglass molds suna da sauƙin ƙira kuma mai rahusa, ana iya amfani da gyare-gyaren fiberglass na polyester sau 2,000, ana iya amfani da ƙirar fiberglass epoxy sau 4,000. Za'a iya amfani da fiber na gilashin ƙarfafa filastik filastik tare da saman da aka yi da zinari fiye da sau 10000. Ba a cika yin amfani da ƙirar ƙarfe ba a cikin tsarin RTM. Gabaɗaya magana, kuɗin ƙira na RTM shine kawai 2% zuwa 16% na na SMC.
(2) RTM albarkatun kasa
RTM yana amfani da albarkatun ƙasa kamar tsarin guduro, kayan ƙarfafawa da filler.
Tsarin guduro Babban guduro da ake amfani dashi a tsarin RTM shi ne guduro polyester mara cika.
Abubuwan ƙarfafawa Janar RTM kayan ƙarfafawa sune galibi fiber fiber, abun ciki shine 25% ~ 45% (nauyin nauyi); Abubuwan ƙarfafawa da aka saba amfani da su sune filayen gilashin ci gaba da ji, haɗaɗɗen ji da allon dubawa.
Fillers suna da mahimmanci ga tsarin RTM saboda ba kawai rage farashi da haɓaka aiki ba, har ma suna ɗaukar zafi yayin lokacin exothermic na resin resin. Abubuwan da aka fi amfani da su sune aluminum hydroxide, beads na gilashi, calcium carbonate, mica da sauransu. Matsakaicin sa shine 20% ~ 40%.
Hanyar matsa lamba na jaka, hanyar autoclave, hanyar kettle na ruwa datHanyar fadada hermal
Hanyar matsa lamba na jaka, hanyar autoclave, hanyar kettle na ruwa da hanyar gyare-gyaren thermal da aka sani da tsarin gyare-gyaren ƙananan matsa lamba. Its gyare-gyaren tsari ne don amfani da manual paving hanya, da ƙarfafa kayan da guduro (ciki har da prepreg abu) bisa ga zane shugabanci da kuma oda Layer da Layer a kan mold, bayan kai kauri kauri, ta matsa lamba, dumama, curing, demoulding. sutura da samun samfurori. Bambanci tsakanin hanyoyin guda huɗu da tsarin ƙirƙirar manna hannun kawai ya ta'allaka ne a kan aiwatar da maganin matsa lamba. Saboda haka, su ne kawai inganta hannun manna kafa tsari, domin inganta yawa na kayayyakin da interlayer bonding ƙarfi.
Tare da babban ƙarfin gilashin fiber, carbon fiber, boron fiber, aramong fiber da epoxy guduro a matsayin albarkatun kasa, high yi composite kayayyakin sanya ta low matsa lamba gyare-gyaren Hanyar da aka yadu amfani a jirgin sama, makamai masu linzami, tauraron dan adam jirgin sama. Kamar ƙofofin jirgin sama, wasan kwaikwayo, radome na iska, sashi, reshe, wutsiya, babban kai, bango da jirgin sama mai ɓoyewa.
(1) Hanyar matsa lamba
Yin gyare-gyaren jaka shine gyare-gyaren hannu na samfurori marasa ƙarfi, ta hanyar jakunkuna na roba ko wasu kayan roba don amfani da iskar gas ko ruwa, ta yadda samfuran ke ƙarƙashin matsin lamba, suna da ƙarfi.
Fa'idodin hanyar ƙirƙirar jaka sune: (1) santsi a ɓangarorin samfurin; ② Daidaita da polyester, epoxy da resin phenolic; Nauyin samfurin ya fi manna hannu.
Yin gyare-gyaren jakar jaka a cikin hanyar jakar matsa lamba da hanyar jakar jakar iska 2: (1) hanyar jakar matsin lamba Hanyar ita ce gyare-gyaren hannu ba gyare-gyaren samfuran a cikin jakar roba ba, gyara murfin murfin, sannan ta hanyar iska ko tururi (0.25 ~) 0.5mpa), don haka samfuran a cikin yanayin matsananciyar zafi sun ƙarfafa. (2) Hanyar jakar jakar wannan hanyar ita ce a liƙa samfuran da ba a haɗa su ba, tare da Layer na fim ɗin roba, samfuran tsakanin fim ɗin roba da mold, rufe gefen, injin (0.05 ~ 0.07mpa), don kumfa da volatils. a cikin samfuran an cire su. Saboda ƙaramin matsa lamba, hanyar ƙirƙirar jakar buhun ana amfani da ita kawai don rigar ƙirƙirar polyester da samfuran hadadden epoxy.
(2) Kettle matsa lamba mai zafi da hanyar kettle na ruwa
Hot autoclaved Kettle da na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa Kettle Hanyar suna a cikin karfe akwati, ta hanyar matsa gas ko ruwa a kan unsolidified hannun manna kayayyakin dumama, matsa lamba, sa shi da ƙarfi gyare-gyaren tsari.
Hanyar Autoclave autoclave jirgin ruwa ne na ƙarfe a kwance, samfuran manna hannun da ba a warkewa ba, da jakunkuna na filastik da aka rufe, injin, sannan tare da ƙirar tare da motar don haɓaka autoclave, ta hanyar tururi (matsi shine 1.5 ~ 2.5mpa), da injin, matsa lamba. kayayyakin, dumama, kumfa fitarwa, sabõda haka, ya solidifies a karkashin yanayi na zafi matsa lamba. Ya haɗu da fa'idodin hanyar jakar matsa lamba da hanyar jakar jakar injin, tare da gajeriyar zagayowar samarwa da ingancin samfurin. Hanyar autoclave mai zafi na iya samar da girman girma, hadaddun sifa mai inganci, babban aiki mai haɗaɗɗun samfuran. Girman samfurin yana iyakance ta autoclave. A halin yanzu, mafi girma na autoclave a kasar Sin yana da diamita na 2.5m da tsawon 18m. Kayayyakin da aka haɓaka kuma aka yi amfani da su sun haɗa da reshe, wutsiya, mai nuna eriya ta tauraron dan adam, jikin sake gwada makami mai linzami da tsarin sanwicin iska. Babban hasara na wannan hanya shine zuba jarurruka na kayan aiki, nauyi, tsari mai rikitarwa, farashi mai yawa.
Hanyar Kettle Na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa Kettle wani rufaffiyar matsa lamba, ƙarar ya fi ƙanƙanta fiye da tukunyar zafi mai zafi, madaidaiciyar sanyawa, samarwa ta hanyar matsa lamba na ruwan zafi, akan samfuran manna da ba a haɗa su ba, ana matsawa, ta yadda ya ƙarfafa. Matsin na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa kettle iya isa 2MPa ko mafi girma, da kuma yawan zafin jiki ne 80 ~ 100 ℃. Mai ɗaukar mai, zafi har zuwa 200 ℃. Samfurin da aka samar ta wannan hanyar yana da yawa, gajeriyar zagayowar, rashin amfani da hanyar kettle na hydraulic shine babban saka hannun jari a cikin kayan aiki.
(3) Hanyar haɓakar haɓakar thermal
Ƙirƙirar haɓakawar thermal tsari ne da ake amfani da shi don samar da ƙaƙƙarfan bangon bakin ciki babban aikin haɗe-haɗe. Ka'idar aikinsa ita ce amfani da nau'ikan haɓaka haɓaka daban-daban na kayan ƙira, yin amfani da haɓakar ƙarar zafi mai zafi na matsa lamba daban-daban, gina matsin lamba na samfur. Namijin gyare-gyaren hanyar gyare-gyaren thermal shine silicon roba tare da babban adadin haɓakawa, kuma ƙirar macen abu ne na ƙarfe tare da ƙaramin haɓaka haɓakawa. Ana sanya samfuran da ba a haɗa su ba tsakanin ƙirar namiji da ƙirar mace da hannu. Saboda nau'in haɓakar haɓaka daban-daban na ƙira mai kyau da mara kyau, akwai babban bambanci na lalacewa, wanda ke sa samfuran ƙarfafa ƙarƙashin matsin lamba.
Lokacin aikawa: 29-06-22