1. Menene filastik?
Filastik mahadi ne na polymeric da aka yi daga monomer azaman ɗanyen abu ta hanyar ƙari ko naɗaɗɗen polymerization.
Sarkar polymer shine photopolymer idan an yi ta polymerized daga monomer guda ɗaya. Idan akwai monomers da yawa a cikin sarkar polymer, polymer shine copolymer. A wasu kalmomi, filastik polymer ne.
2. Rarraba robobi
Ana iya raba robobi zuwa robobi na thermoplastic da thermosetting robobi bisa ga jihar bayan dumama.
Thermosetting filastik filastik ne wanda ke da kaddarorin dumama, warkewa da rashin narkewa, ba narkewa ba. Ana iya yin wannan filastik sau ɗaya kawai.
Yawancin lokaci yana da kyakkyawan aikin lantarki, kuma yana iya jure yanayin zafin aiki mai girma.
Amma babban hasarar sa shine saurin sarrafawa yana jinkiri kuma sake amfani da kayan yana da wahala.
Wasu robobi na thermosetting na yau da kullun sun haɗa da:
Phenol filastik (don tukwane);
Melamine (amfani da laminates na filastik);
Epoxy resin (don adhesives);
Unsaturated polyester (don hull);
Vinyl lipids (amfani da jikin mota);
Polyurethane (don tafin hannu da kumfa).
Thermoplastic wani nau'i ne na filastik wanda ba zai yuwu a wani yanayin zafi ba, yana ƙarfafawa bayan sanyaya, kuma yana iya maimaita aikin.
Saboda haka, ana iya sake yin amfani da thermoplastics.
Ana iya maimaita waɗannan kayan galibi har sau bakwai kafin aikin su ya lalace.
3. Filastik sarrafa da kuma kafa hanyoyin
Akwai hanyoyin sarrafa abubuwa iri-iri da ake amfani da su don yin robobi daga barbashi zuwa samfuran gamayya daban-daban, waɗanda aka fi amfani da su:
Yin gyare-gyaren allura (hanyar sarrafawa mafi yawanci);
Busa gyare-gyare (yin kwalabe da samfurori mara kyau);
Extrusion gyare-gyare (samar da bututu, bututu, bayanan martaba, igiyoyi);
Blow fim kafa (yin filastik jaka);
Ƙirƙirar mirgine (ƙirƙirar manyan kayayyaki mara kyau, kamar kwantena, buoys);
Vacuum forming (samar da marufi, akwatin kariya)
4. Kayayyaki da aikace-aikacen robobi na kowa
Ana iya raba robobi zuwa robobi na gaba ɗaya, robobin injiniya, robobin injiniya na musamman da sauransu.
Babban filastik: yana nufin filastik da aka fi amfani dashi a rayuwarmu, mafi girman adadin nau'ikan filastik galibi sun haɗa da: PE, PP, PVC, PS, ABS da sauransu.
Injiniyan robobi: robobin da ake amfani da su azaman kayan aikin injiniya da kuma maye gurbin ƙarfe wajen kera sassan injin, da sauransu.
Injin robobi suna da kyakkyawan aiki mai mahimmanci, tsayin daka mai ƙarfi, creep, ƙarfin injina mai ƙarfi, juriya mai kyau na zafi, ingantaccen rufin lantarki, kuma ana iya amfani da shi a cikin matsanancin sinadarai da yanayin jiki na dogon lokaci.
A halin yanzu, robobin injiniya guda biyar: PA (polyamide), POM (polyformaldehyde), PBT (polybutylene terephthalate), PC (polycarbonate) da PPO (polyphenyl ether) ana amfani da su sosai a fannoni daban-daban bayan gyare-gyare.
Robobin injiniya na musamman: robobin injiniya na musamman suna nufin wani nau'in robobi na injiniya tare da babban aiki mai mahimmanci, aiki na musamman da kyakkyawan aiki, da zafin amfani na dogon lokaci sama da 150 ℃. An fi amfani dashi a cikin kayan lantarki, lantarki, masana'antu na musamman da sauran manyan fasahohin fasaha.
Akwai polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), polyimide (PI), polyether ether ketene (PEEK), ruwa crystal polymer (LCP), high zafin jiki nailan (PPA), da dai sauransu.
5. Menene robobi da za a iya cirewa?
Robobin da muke amfani da su akai-akai sune macromolecules masu tsayin sarka waɗanda aka yi musu polymerized sosai kuma suna da wahalar haɗawa a cikin yanayin yanayi. Konewa ko zubar da ƙasa na iya haifar da ƙarin lahani, don haka mutane suna neman robobi masu lalacewa don rage matsi na muhalli.
Ana rarraba robobin da za su lalatar da su zuwa manyan robobi da za a iya cire su da kuma robobin da ba za a iya cire su ba.
Plastics na Photodegradable: A ƙarƙashin aikin hasken ultraviolet da zafi, sarkar polymer a cikin tsarin filastik ya karye, don cimma manufar lalata.
Robobin da za su iya lalacewa: A ƙarƙashin yanayin yanayi, ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin yanayi suna karya dogayen sarƙoƙi na tsarin polymer, kuma a ƙarshe gutsuttssun filastik suna narkewa kuma suna daidaita su cikin ruwa da carbon dioxide.
A halin yanzu, robobi masu lalacewa tare da kyakkyawar kasuwanci sun haɗa da PLA, PBAT, da dai sauransu
Lokacin aikawa: 12-11-21